Mobs getting into a composter or cauldron that has air beneath it gets stuck indefinetly,
As soon as a block is placed directly below it, they realize they can jump out of it and will do so when pathing.
Note: If the mob is spawned inside the composter/cauldron, with a spawnegg for example, it will jump out of it regardless if there is air beneath it or not, but if its pushed into it, it will stay.
See attached screenshots.
(sorry for the dark images, its the easiest way to illustrate the villager is unable to go to bed untill a block is placed beneath the composter.)
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SPGoding
This is not a duplicate. Also confirmed in 20w49a.
ampolive
Can confirm on 1.17.1 Pre-release 2. The cauldron/composter needs to be surrounded by blocks, otherwise the mob just jumps off it.
ampolive
Could be related to MC-181565?
[Mod] Jingy
Considering the lack of upkeep this issue has had, I would suggest resolving it as a duplicate of MC-175664, which describes the same general behavior. I can/will update that report to include air alongside water affecting the villager's pathfinding. (or just generify to it be anything other than a solid block).
Also it might relate to this older bug MC-142650