When I used the playsound command to play the anvil place sound, it played the anvil land sound. I listened to the in-game and playsound commands for both many times, and the anvil place sound was definitely playing the anvil fall sound.
Commands Used
/playsound minecraft:block.anvil.land master @s
/playsound minecraft:block.anvil.place master @s
My master volume was at 75%.
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The game calls the place sound event at a certain pitch; if you change the sound event to use different sounds, the place sound (both by placement and playsound) have the sounds you set it to. It's just the pitch that is controlled by the game, and not the sounds.json (see also MC-36042).
TLDR: sound event is correct, game just plays it at a different pitch.
Please provide the exact commands used.