The bug
I have a problem with this snapshot. On some old devices like mine, I experience a loss of performance due to the game not detecting my latest version of OpenGL 4.0. It only detects an outdated version of OpenGL 3.2.0, even though I have the latest driver installed on my system.
I can prove that this system can run a snapshot of the Nether Update (20w06a and up, with no optimization except for my render distance) with a decent amount of FPS and also with the same OpenGL 4.0 (my current OpenGL version). The latest stable release, 1.16.5, both vanilla and OptiFine, also has my latest OpenGL on it.
I report this bug because there is no solution to this problem; I even scattered around the internet searching for a solution but found nothing. I tried increasing the RAM allocation to see if that would work, but no luck. I used two different systems and operating systems at the same time; still, OpenGL 3.2.0 is the default renderer.
Update
The issue persists in the latest snapshot (21w15a).
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is duplicated by 1
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What i've noticed is that now the game only shows the OpenGL version that it is using and no longer shows the last GL version your system supports, but i don't think that has any relation to performance loss, because i personally haven't noticed a difference.
I can't really say if the game now is fixated on only supporting Core 3.2 and not detecting any upwards version (because that's apparently what you're saying), or if the debug menu is only showing the minimum GL version. So, that's the info i've got.
Also, before 21w10a the game always has used GL 2.1 i think, and the performance regression you're experimenting is probably MC-219639. What the bug here should be, is that now the debug menu (F3) only shows the GL version Minecraft is using (3.2 Core) and no longer shows the last GL version supported by your system (In this case, 4.0 or 4.6). You should probably change the summary a bit and that'll do, because then i could confirm that is an issue.
Can confirm on 1.18.1, just a note this also affects the info in the crash reports.
Doesn't happen on all systems.
Can confirm on 22w17a, apparently this is because the game requests an opengl 3.2 core context. Performance loss is completely unrelated.
This is intended behaviour as per the OpenGL spec. That line on the debug screen is the GL_VERSION string. In 1.17, Minecraft moved from OpenGL "compatibility" profile to "core" profile. In compatibility profile, GL_VERSION returns the newest version of OpenGL supported by the GPU, independent of whether Minecraft actually makes use of those new features. In core profile, GL_VERSION returns the version that Minecraft has explicitly specified.
Minecraft requests an OpenGL 3.2 context, so GL_VERSION returns 3.2.0. Depending on your vendor, it may even say "Core Profile Context" or similar next to it. There should be better performance in 1.17+, but this is because of the new OpenGL version, not because the profile changed.
GL 3.2 is not really outdated. Newer versions have been just additions, and I assume Mojang wants to maintain wide support (particularly with MacOS).
Can confirm