Redstone components and blocks that interact with redstone, such as containers, lightning rods and big dripleaves, that are placed outside the world border, are activated/read/updated by blocks inside the world border.
This does not affect pistons, as intended (MC-55402).
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I can confirm that this is an issue.
Re-structured this ticket to not contain issues already tracked in other tickets. Relates to MC-54606, MC-114002, MC-113419, MC-113426 and MC-225230.