Like in MC-144223, foxes behave erratically when they get hurt and panic whilst attacking a target. That is, they move considerably faster than regular panicking and jump/pounce on absolutely nothing.
MC-232896
Foxes attempt to attack a target whilst panicking
Open
5
(Unassigned)
Community Consensus
Gameplay
Normal
Mob behaviour
fox, mob-behavior, pathfinding
1.17.1, 21w38a, 21w39a, 21w40a, 21w43a, , 22w24a, 1.19.2, 1.19.3, 1.21, 1.21.7
Retrieved
I can confirm this behavior. Also affects 1.18 Pre-release 6.