The particle 'minecraft:item minecraft:air' crashes the client

This can be reproduced by simply running /particle minecraft:item minecraft:air or by summoning an area effect cloud with its Particle nbt tag set to "minecraft:item minecraft:air".

24w13a crash log example

[21:33:54] [Netty Server IO #1/ERROR]: Error sending packet clientbound/minecraft:level_particles
io.netty.handler.codec.EncoderException: Failed to encode packet 'clientbound/minecraft:level_particles'
	at yu.a(SourceFile:55) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yu.encode(SourceFile:14) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at wc.a(SourceFile:32) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at wc.encode(SourceFile:12) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder.write(MessageToByteEncoder.java:107) ~[netty-codec-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeWrite0(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:881) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeWrite(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:863) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.write(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:968) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.write(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:856) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToMessageEncoder.write(MessageToMessageEncoder.java:113) ~[netty-codec-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeWrite0(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:881) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeWrite(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:863) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.write(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:968) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.write(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:856) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter.write(ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter.java:113) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at vv$2.write(SourceFile:500) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeWrite0(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:881) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeWriteAndFlush(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:940) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.write(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:966) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:934) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.writeAndFlush(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:984) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.writeAndFlush(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1025) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannel.writeAndFlush(AbstractChannel.java:306) ~[netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at vv.c(SourceFile:324) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at vv.d(SourceFile:319) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractEventExecutor.runTask(AbstractEventExecutor.java:174) [netty-common-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.AbstractEventExecutor.safeExecute(AbstractEventExecutor.java:167) [netty-common-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor.runAllTasks(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:470) [netty-common-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:569) [netty-transport-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997) [netty-common-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) [netty-common-4.1.97.Final.jar:4.1.97.Final]
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833) [?:?]
Caused by: io.netty.handler.codec.EncoderException: Empty ItemStack not allowed
	at cto$2.a(SourceFile:163) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at cto$2.encode(SourceFile:150) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yv$8.encode(SourceFile:81) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yv$10.encode(SourceFile:117) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at ade.a(SourceFile:61) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yv$6.encode(SourceFile:42) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yv$9.a(SourceFile:97) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yv$9.encode(SourceFile:87) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	at yu.a(SourceFile:53) ~[24w13a.jar:?]
	... 31 more
[21:33:54] [Server thread/INFO]: ampolive lost connection: Internal Exception: io.netty.handler.codec.EncoderException: Failed to encode packet 'clientbound/minecraft:level_particles'