If a datapack alters the "spawn_target" field in data\minecraft\worldgen\noise_settings\overworld.json, sometimes this field is ignored and spawn is placed in an unsuitable location.
To reproduce:
Create a new world with seed 2.
Include the attached datapack "BDM68's Continent Pack 1.20.4.zip".
Create world -> spawn is in the middle of the ocean, with "continentalness" outside the values specified in the spawn_target field in the datapack.
The attached datapack modifies the "continentalness" values for all Overworld biomes, which makes oceans cover about 70% of the map. It also adjusts the data\minecraft\worldgen\noise\continentalness.json file so land masses have the same size as a Large Biomes world. To cater for the larger oceans, the spawn_target field has the continentalness parameter altered to 0.324348.
Some seeds that appear to work correctly are 3 and 4.
Linked issues
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Comments 4
Possible fixes:
Make the spawn target work correctly.
Clamp values for terrain generation around 0,0 to guarantee that the terrain at the origin is spawnable. This will require an addition to the configuration. This will be similar to the way terrain generates in The End dimension.
Notes on the second part: This could be done by defining a conical "island" at spawn. Values that are needed are a height and radius. Height sets the minimum or maximum value for a parameter, radius defines how far out the influence goes. It is defined for each terrain generation setting. So a "continentalness" height of 0.2 and a radius of 1000 blocks causes the continentalness to be scaled at 0,0 so -1.0 is mapped to 0.2, +1.0 is mapped to +1.0 and other values scale accordingly. The amount of the scaling falls by distance and falls to 0 at 1000 blocks from spawn. If the absolute distance in either x or z direction is farther than the maximum distance this check should be skipped (see MC-159283 for the reason why).
Factorio manipulates terrain generation to guarantee particular terrain at 0,0. On a Factorio map of Nauvis, terrain at 0,0 is always land.
Thank you for your report!
After consideration, the issue is being closed as Working as Intended.
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Things such as graphics, sounds, world creation, biomes, redstone, villagers, and animals may not work the same in current versions.
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Related: MC-245793