Reproduction steps:
I have a screen with 60Hz refresh rate.
I put VSync on.
I put FPS limit to anything above 60 (especially bad for higher numbers)
I turn on F3 menu.
The game rendering is stuttering visually.
Turn of VSync or put it to match the screen refresh or turn off the F3 menu and all is fine.
I recorded at native resolution and 60FPS and I guess since the video capture did not sync up with the game, it is visible. (I was worried it wouldn't show up on video) But the recording is accurate to what I experience with my eyes between the direct game footage and the recorded footage on my display.
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I cannot reproduce this with a 165Hz refresh rate and a FPS limit of 250 either.
Edit: Tested on 60Hz and still cannot reproduce.

Is there any additional information I can provide to help pinpoint the source of the bug? like any hardware specs?
Does the same thing happen when running the game on the integrated GPU?

You see, I tried disabling my NVIDIA and running Minecraft on integrated. but it simply refuses to launch giving just a 'error ding' sound when I try to.
I tried going through the windows settings and choosing "Power saving" for the MC launcher, the javaw.exe (runtime-delta) and it still launched with the dedicated card. You sure MC latest version supports integrated?

If it refuses to use the integrated graphics I wouldn't sweat it. It seems highly likely that it's something specific to the GTX 1650 (yours, anyway) and that, barring a fix by Mojang, the only thing you can do is make sure your drivers are up to date and either turn off V-sync or cap your FPS in the meantime. Can you verify that this also happens on 1.21.1?

Yes. also happens in 1.21.1 and 1.20.6 and 1.19.4
I only noticed this now though.
Weird that it only happens when F3 is open and V-sync + more than V-sync FPS is set.
Idk what I could change about my hardware settings. the drivers are already up to date. Maybe the latest drivers have a bug?
My last driver update: https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/drivers/details/230853/
Similar to Jarl and Clam, I also cannot reproduce this using my monitor on 60hz and setting my fps limit to above 60fps.

1st try reproducing with Geforce experience disabled/off . 2nd if issue still present try with game bar is disabled/off as well. 3rd note your computer is not listed as arm64 capable. If still not successful move over to MC-273401 as to not bug devs.

I can reproduce this with 165Hz and an external 60FPS cap (NVIDIA Control Panel -> Manage 3D Settings ->Max Frame Rate=60FPS & Vertical Sync ON) + G-SYNC, when Minecraft's in-game framerate limit is set to anything higher than 60FPS and Minecraft's in-game V-SYNC setting is disabled.
I'd been searching to see if anyone's been experiencing my version of this problem and came across this thread.

ent and AgentM try my solutions, see if they work.
I personally can't reproduce this with a display refresh rate of 120Hz and a FPS limit of 240, it must be system-dependent.