Using single bucket in survival causes it to disappear and no bucket of water or lava to be given.
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We're tracking this issue in MC-275757, so this ticket is being resolved and linked as a duplicate.
That ticket has already been resolved as Fixed. Please check the Fix Version/s field in that ticket to see in which version this behavior was or will be fixed.
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Duplicates MC-275757 which has been fixed in a future update 🙂