The bug
Going into a different dimension with health boost doesn't show the extra hearts and the particles, but the boost is there. It even shows up in the inventory.
Related issues
is duplicated by
relates to
Attachments
Comments


Confirmed.

Affects 15w46a & 1.8.8

Affects 15w47a

confirmed for 15w51b, this is a real issue in my server, I have to do a ton of work to get past this bug and make the hearts show again

The fix I suggested here https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-88179?focusedCommentId=296786&page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel#comment-296786 should fix this too

Indeed the same reason as for MC-88179 "Attributes are not preserved when changing dimensions"
However this bug is a client bug and should probably not be solved by sending more packets, see this comment

MC-88179 is listed twice as "Relates to" link

MC-29386 is not fixed as of 1.12.2

Confirmed for 1.13.1. Please, if you don't mind, I'd like to be the reporter of this ticket, I'll update it accordingly.

The effect is only obtainable with commands.

It doesn't matter if the effect is only obtainable with commands, the matter of fact is that this behavior is unintended, and has been subsequently identified as a bug.
Personally, I use the effect in datapacks/mapmaking, and it has a very notable impact on player experience.
Confirmed for 1.14.4
Fixed alongside MC-88179 in 19w35a