Monsters are able to spawn from Monster Spawners and Trial Spawners when this game rule is set to false.
This is different from how the old “spawnMonsters” server.properties setting worked, which would disable monsters from spawning from spawner blocks.
A good fix would perhaps be a new game rule: spawnerBlocksEnabled (similarly to commandBlocksEnabled), or even doMobSpawningFromSpawners.
Relates to MC-266487
Probably intentional, judging from how MC-266487 is open