Steps to recreate: in a flower forest biome, create a rectangle of grass. Use bonemeal on the grass. What spawns are tall grass, Allium flowers and Poppy flowers. Despite being in a flower forest biome, no other flowers are generated: tulips, roses, lilacs, etc. Only Allium and Poppy.
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Okay, did some more testing, and it seems that there are some differences in the calculations used between chunk generation and bonemeal use, enough that while one flower type may have been in a spot originally, the bonemeal may produce a different suitable flower in that same spot, but seems to always produce that same flower type on subsequent applications or at different y positions with the same x and z position.
Tested by placing a grass block on top of a flower, applying bonemeal to the new grass block, breaking any tall grass that grew and repeating until a flower grew, placing a grass block on top of this new flower, repeat. Sometimes the first new flower was different from the original flower, but all subsequent new flowers matched each other.
The fact that it does give the same flower type in the same spot may or may not be a bug, in light of these tests.
It was marked as a duplicate of an issue that was resolved to "Works as intended" - I find it very hard to believe that many types of flowers grow in a Flower Forest biome by default, but when using bone meal, you don't get the same flowers spawning. Is the only way to get an orange tulip to find it in the wild? It seems to me that that's an odd behaviour.
@Carl Not sure how flowers are calculated but for other stuff in MC you might want to see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heightmap
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_map
@Paul - You are right, but it helps to understand the mechanics. http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Flowers
Dandelion - Bonemeal can be used in every biome except Swamps and Flower Forests to generate these.
Poppy - Bonemeal can be used in all biomes except Swamps to generate this flower. In Flower Forests they can be created using bonemeal only on the place where they were originally generated.
Orchid - Bonemeal can be used to generate this flower but only in Swamps.
Allium - Bonemeal can be used to generate this flower but only in Flower Forests on the place where they were originally generated.
Azure - In Flower Forests they can be generated only on the place where they were originally found.
Tulip - Bonemeal can be used to generate this flower but only in Plains, Sunflower Plains and Flower Forests. This only works on the place where they originally generated.
Daisy - In Flower Forests they can be generated *only on the place where they were originally created. *
Sunflower/Lilac/Rose/Peony - When Bonemeal is used directly on a sunflower, a second sunflower is dropped in entity state.
But is that behavior actually intended, or is it a bug? I strongly doubt that they intended for certain flowers to only grow at specific coordinates, and it's probably just the effect of a poor formula, using a non-random value, or reusing the same random value. While that may be "working as coded", it's probably not "working as designed", or "working as intended". Doesn't mean they'll think it's a big enough issue to be worth fixing, but it's certainly not a duplicate of MC-30406.
Someone should update the description so that it reflects the information in the comments.
Based on my testing, the biomes that support the new flowers have areas within them that will produce certain flowers within that area (probably calculated similarly to how different areas in swamps have different shades of green, even if they don't transition between swampland and swampland M biomes). These calculations seem to be independent of the Y coordinate of the block, probably to facilitate Superflat and AMPLIFIED world types.
Now, when bonemeal is applied to a spot, random non-covered grass blocks within range of the spot will try to grow either 1-block-tall grass or a flower based on whatever type(s) of flower(s) was/were calculated to be growable there. So if a block originally had, say, an Azure Bluet on it, there is a good chance that that will grow there in the future. Also, since the Y coordinate doesn't seem to be a factor, all blocks vertically along that line should produce the same types of flowers.
All in all, this issue seems to be lack of clarity about the game mechanics rather than an actual bug.