If you fly up to the clouds and enter the lower portion of the cloud, the terrain will stop being rendered and you can see the sky below the world.
Update:
After playing around with it a little bit, if your Y is anything below 180, the terrain will no longer load while in the cloud. Upon leaving the cloud / the cloud moving away from you, even if you don't move yourself, the terrain will start being rendered again.
Related issues
Comments

duplicate of MC-50875
Can you post a screenshot when it happens with the debug screen up (F3)?