When using the replaceitem command to place a block in the helmet/head inventory slot, even though the command does work and the block is placed in the slot the block doesn't render in. There is no sign of the block on the head.
Java Parity Issue
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@unknown you are absolutely right. Moreover, it is a duplicate MCPE-20437
In order to show when equipped, items have to be defined as “attachable” with a specific texture to use when attached to a mob model. I don’t think the fact that every item in the game does not have an attachable definition is a bug. At best it would be a missing feature, which you can request at feedback.Minecraft.net.