When normally fighting the ender dragon, it has about 600 HP instead of 200 unless you land a projectile (arrow, snowball, ender pearl etc.) on the dragons neck. Only then will the dragons health revert back to 200 and everything appears to deal 3x more damage.
This affects every Version of bedrock edition since 1.2.
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It's not that the dragon has too much health. It just doesn't take the proper amount of damage from attacks, which is why the projectile is needed to correct the damage output. On version 1.0 the projectile is not needed due to the dragon already taking the correct amount of damage from attacks.
I believe this is intended because the behavior is similar if not identical in Java Edition and it has always been this way. According to the wiki:
The dragon can take damage only from explosions and player-based damage. In Java Edition it takes damage of (normal damage ÷ 4 + 1) when hit on any part that is not its head. In Bedrock Edition the dragon has similar armor, but is temporarily removed when a projectile hits its head. Thus making it the most resilient mob in the game despite it having less health than the wither. In Java Edition, although the particle is displayed, critical hits do not apply to the ender dragon, since it can be applied only to living entities. While the ender dragon is a living entity, the parts that are damaged are actually non-mob entities.