Absorbtion hearts will appear if the player gets killed with channelling I and impaling V trident then instantly gets after respawning, this is during a thunderstorm. The amount of golden hearts depends on the damage inflicted to the player. The 3 golden hearts was achieved by using a sharpness V diamond sword.
Reconstruction video (see attachment) should summarise what's happening here
Update: I was messing around with this bug, and i discovered that you only need a one shot weapon to get the absorption hearts (see other attachment)
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A similar situation on Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/Minecraft/comments/bikd9f/can_anyone_explain_why_this_happens_were_using/
Thank you for your report!
However, this issue is a Duplicate of MCPE-56836.
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This sounds similar to the huge damage that was dealt by Blaze fireballs in MCPE-19535. I couldn't reproduce this in the latest beta, however.