Villages consisting of 21 villagers, 21 beds, and 21 workstations does not spawn iron golems and only spawns cats. This is painfully obvious that the iron golems and cats share a spawn cap and this needs to be addressed.
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I am unable to reproduce this bug in a player-created village in a simple test world. With 30-39 villagers and 40 beds I got 10 cats at 3 iron golems. Cats spawn at 1 for every 4 beds, and iron golems spawn at 1 for every 10 villagers. They do not share a cap.
If you have world you could upload that demonstrates what you are describing that would be helpful.

Thank you for your report!
We're actually already tracking this issue in MCPE-47157, so I've resolved and linked this ticket as a duplicate.
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As soon as I killed all cats with a command a golem instantly spawned.