So, this is "hard" to make it occur. But when having a resource pack applied, there is a chance the water Texture for being underwater will go black, even if the resource pack(s) never change the texture.
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I think this issue is already being tracked. See MCPE-32799
Thank you for your report!
We're actually already tracking this issue at MCPE-32799, so we will resolve and link this ticket as a duplicate.
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This also happens on occasion on my Nintendo Switch without resource packs. Sometimes relogging will help, other times I just avoid going under water until the glitch decides to go away.