In previous versions of the game, if you threw an Ender Pearl and left a world or server, then rejoined before the Ender Pearl hit a surface, you would teleport once it did. But in newer versions of the game, this is no longer the case. Ender Pearl physics were changed a while back so I can only guess that this change somehow effected how Ender Pearls save data, causing the issue.
Thank you for your report!
We're actually already tracking this issue at MCPE-55823.
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