I had this problem.
I just solved it by installing the XBox app for Windows 10 (which I'm running)
I felt like the microsoft minecraft launcher was crashing because it lacked something. Since I'm running a version of Windows 10 that excludes mediastuff I didn't have Xbox installed as per default which the minecraft launcher needed to be able to handle the (microsoft) login request
I also had the gamebar, but the xbox app is a separate app.