I also have this bug, and it is related to my Microsoft account. If I am signed in, it crashes. If I’m not signed in it, then Minecraft works perfectly fine. This has been happening for a few weeks now for me, and before then, it would crash maybe 75-80% of the time.
On further reading the comments, I think that this is caused by the marketplace, not Microsoft accounts. The Microsoft account is needed to connect to the marketplace, which is why when signed out Minecraft didn’t crash. This bug is probably directly related to the marketplace. The marketplace graphics also don’t load
Update: The marketplace loads with graphics, but it still crashes. Turning off wifi and logging in doesn’t work, it still crashes after a bit