Hedreon is correct that upgrading the NVIDIA driver to 527.56 or later fixes this problem, and indeed NVIDIA's release notes for that driver version document this issue as fixed:
"Fixed Issues in Version 527.56 WHQL: ..."- Older versions of Minecraft Java Edition show corruption on screen [3870232]"
I'd recommend updating the description of this bug (and closing it, since NVIDIA has fixed it).
Caesura
Hedreon is correct that upgrading the NVIDIA driver to 527.56 or later fixes this problem, and indeed NVIDIA's release notes for that driver version document this issue as fixed:
"Fixed Issues in Version 527.56 WHQL: ...
"- Older versions of Minecraft Java Edition show corruption on screen [3870232]"
I'd recommend updating the description of this bug (and closing it, since NVIDIA has fixed it).