Your device may just be a bit slow. If it takes more than 3 minutes, then your device could be too slow to play the game. Has the game worked before?
It's possible that the dog thought you were trying to attack a villager when you threw the weakness potion, and so it tried to attack for you.
It won't just mend over time, but instead as you use it. Now, instead of the durability going down when you use it, it will go up
The entire gimmick of Raids is the multiple waves. There is no bug here, just the intended mechanic.
You need to change the Respawn Radius in settings to the lowest it can be.