The blocks are disappearing; however, they take a second to drop the item.
Well after update 1.11.3 the problem was still not fixed, so as a last resort I deleted the game and then redownloaded it. That did the trick, but it was a bummer to lose my worlds. It gave me an excuse to start over using the new update.
I have the same issue and have tried pressing F3 + a to reload the chunks
I can confirm that I am experiencing issues with block drop delay in the latest update. I went mining in the nether, and the block lag was not as bad. It is interesting that it only affects blocks worse in the overworld. I would think that it would affect blocks across all dimensions.