Having the exact same issue but on a single player world.
EDIT: Loaded a backup of the world in 1.16 and everything works fine, i only have this issue in 1.16.1
Sorry but this isn't a duplicate of MC-161917
That report says no particles are visible behind glass and refers to potion particles.
I was referring to the bubble particles being partially visible from behind a glass and completely visible when looking from inside the water column and not visible at all from looking at the water column from the outside without looking at it through glass.
See my attached images.
Found the problem, issue was caused by a datapack called "more mob heads v2.6.0".
When i removed it zombified piglins dropped ingots and rotten flesh.