I just messed around with it a bit further, and it appears that by using the glowing effect rather than the nbt parameter, the rendering glitch no longer occurs.
summon minecraft:magma_cube ~ ~ ~ {NoGravity:1b,Silent:1b,Invulnerable:1b,PersistenceRequired:1b,NoAI:1b,Size:1,ActiveEffects:[{Id:14b,Amplifier:1b,Duration:1000000,ShowParticles:0b},{Id:24b,Amplifier:1b,Duration:1000000,ShowParticles:0b}]}
This is still the case in 1.14.2 Can be reproduced in datapack by adding the following to an mcfunction file:
summon minecraft:armor_stand ~ ~ ~{CustomNameVisible:0b,Small:1b,Invulnerable:1b,Invisible:1b,PersistenceRequired:1b,DisabledSlots:4144959,ArmorItems:[{},{},{},{id:"minecraft:trident",Count:1b,tag:{CustomModelData:15670002}}],CustomName:"{\"text\":\"stand\"}",Tags:["newStand"]}
executestore result entity @e[tag=newStand,limit=1] Rotation[0] float 0.001run dataget entity @p Rotation[0] 1000
executestore result entity @e[tag=newStand,limit=1] Rotation[1] float 0.001run dataget entity @p Rotation[1] 1000
Run this function as the player and the summoned armor stand will not have the same rotation as the player. Reload the world and it will.
You can see this in the video I added. The hammer is placed on the head of an armor stand. When the game reloads it is rotated correctly. It is summoned using very similar commands to those above.
Can confirm for Minecraft 1.14.2 - both bow and trident damage is not tracked
1.14 release. Here is a screen recording of the problem with F3 open. Issue not present in previous releases. Looks terrible!
The seed is -5289714038411177434
In order to spawn a fireball, you have to specify the direction. OP's direction nbt tag is invalid, which is why the fireball despawned: `direction:[0:0.0d,1:0.0d,2:0.0d]`
There is however a bug in 1.15 where fireballs disappear when spawned, only to appear about 2 or 3 seconds later.