Did you look at the photos?
Notice that cobblestone and dirt have been replaced by air. When the iPhone user walks into the pits before the fence, that user takes damage – presumbly from being perceived as in the ground by the iPad side – even though nothing appears to be wrong from the iPhone client.
After reviewing MCPE-847 and the associated issues, I concur that this is a duplicate. That stated, I have several comments:
1) This bug is insensitive to the hardware used. I copied the world files over to the iPhone and found that the world displayed as expected. I then joined from the iPad and found the exact same map corruption. Without understanding the details of the software, this behavior suggests to me that either the world files are not being transmitted correctly or the rendering on the clients is defective.
2) Viewing the world files with MCEdit, the map corruption appears to be confined to a pair of adjacent chunks.
3) The original issue dates back to 25 November 2012 but neither that issue nor any of the related issues contains enough information to make the problem easily reproducible. I can provide the chunks.dat for this one and am willing to assist by providing further information or running experiments as desired.
4) And finally, this seems like a significant defect in the multiplayer functionality of Minecraft PE. Given the ready availability of a reproducible test case, I hope that there is interest in correcting this in the near future.