This is a piece of nether brick.
Still present in 1.15-pre4.
Techman88 suggests a temporary fix for 1.14.4 with a command block:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BJ0jzlzEhgo
/execute as @e[type=#minecraft:raiders] run data merge entity @s {Patrolling:0b}
Note that this will change the patrol behavior a bit, but is still better than extreme lag.
Does this bug affect new world generation, or only upgrading existing chunks?