This is working as intended. Tropical fish don't get cooked as there is no cooked version of it.
Do you mean slabs?
It is intentional for chests and beds to not be able to be placed on carpets. Also, are you talking about blocks of coal burning in furnaces? Then it is intentional for the furnace to take one.
Armorer works too
the baby one worked by using your command but the armorer didn't work.
I will, when I get the chance of playing Minecraft again. I will respond back after I try it.
If I spawn it as an armorer using commands, it will become unemployed. this even happens if I try to spawn it as a baby using commands. Instead of spawning as a baby, it is spawning as an unemployed adult villager. Commands are not working properly for villagers
does the problem happen to only /locate command or even other commands too? If it does, then it means that cheats are not enabled in your world. You said it only happens in survival. In creative, cheats are enabled by default. But in survival, cheats are needed to be enabled manually.