This was marked as fixed in 24w44a, but the issue is not completely resolved. Now when the arrow is summoned, it will be in the correct position but it will be facing south. The rotation is slowly corrected as the arrow flies through the air, but it can get stuck in a wall facing the wrong way if it lands quickly after being shot. I have linked a new video in the post showing this updated behavior.
Confirmed in 1.21.2-rc1
The bug with arrows only started occurring in 1.21.2 snapshots, it was not an issue in 1.21.1. But the bug you linked does appear to be similar yes.
It is also worth noting for those who are familiar with mapmaking techniques, air toggling fixes the arrow visual bug as seen in my video above.
I can reliably reproduce this bug in 25w19a with a crossbow. If you are sprinting forward, jump, and shoot the crossbow just before the peak of the jump, the desync happens almost every time. It is much more reliable in multiplayer, it happens almost every shot on my server or on my realm, but pretty inconsistent in singleplayer.