> Since I don't have a static ipv4 address, I chose the ipv4 address from my other server, which is hosted elsewhere, for the A-Record.
This is your error. The IPv4 is not available. And because of the issue in MC-255735 Minecraft only tries connecting to one of the addresses (the A record I.E. the IPv4). But as you say your server is only running behind the IPv6 address.
Minecraft only connects to the first IP returned by DNS. So if you delete the A-Record (so that that name only has the AAAA one) it'll work.
Also just a note, you don't need to have an A-record that is pointed somewhere. Just don't configure it when your server has no IPv4. And even once MC-255735 is solved this configuration would be incorrect. What you would have to do is either have a dual-stacked server (I.E. one that is available via IPv4 AND IPv6) or not have the A-Record in the first place.
(And just FYI, a SRV Record is something completely different 😉 )
This is how I start the server:
And this is the DNS settings:
[media]