I have the same problem starting with versions of the game after 1.21.5.
Both official launcher and 3rd party launchers are affected.
Vanilla and modded are affected.
Radv (mesa) and amdgpu drivers are affected.
Does it with core or compat profiles, usually compat solves these things temporarily.
This feels a lot like the game is calling a dll with the wrong charset or calling convention.
I can confirm what Marco Lizza has found that it’s the Mesa version causing problems and that Kisak fresh version of the mesa drivers do indeed work until our OSes catch up.