I'm seeing the same or a related problem with Minecraft Java 1.21.1 with KDE Plasma 6, plasmashell 6.1.5, kwin 6.1.5, Wayland session, Linux kernel 6.11.2, AMD Radeon Graphics (radeonsi, renoir, LLVM 18.1.8, DRM 3.59, 6.11.2-0-edge) (0x1638) with Mesa 24.2.4. I'm not using mods since this is a fresh install of Minecraft.
When I go fullscreen, then use the slider, then press "Done" at the bottom, the mouse is immediately offset in a very incorrect way. It seems like the game thinks something changed. However, the resolution stays the same and seems to be the native screen resolution still.
When after that I toggle to windowed and then back to fullscreen, the mouse offset is correct again but the slider now still shows a low resolution while I'm still using the high resolution.
In conclusion, whatever function is actually changing the screen resolution doesn't seem to be working.
Same problem here in 1.20.1, extremely frustrating. I suggest there should be an option to just disable these tutorials on the client side. Even the very hand-holding Sims 4 has an option to disable them, so it makes sense to me that Minecraft also should.