Found another report that is effectively a duplicate of this, but doesn't include spiders in the report.
I don't think it's intended, since Spiders and Endermen are supposed to fight back when attacked. Universal Anger, if anything, would just make these mobs attack any nearby player instead of ignoring them.
Devs are certainly welcome to disagree with my thoughts though 😅
I've found that this universalAnger issue also applies to Spiders (And Cave Spiders). The bug happens the same way - punch a Spider in daylight (i.e. when it's neutral) and it won't fight back.