Here are two resource packs to recreate the issue
They are identical apart from the multipart section in the assets/minecraft/blockstates/brown_mushroom_block.json
To recreate place mushroom blocks with commands:
(red texture): /setblock ~ ~ ~ minecraft:brown_mushroom_block[down=false,east=false,north=false,south=false,up=false,west=false]
(blue texture): /setblock ~ ~ ~ minecraft:brown_mushroom_block[down=false,east=false,north=false,south=false,up=false,west=true]
If you use the v1 resource pack both blocks have red particles, if you use the v2 resource pack both blocks have blue particles. There is no way to make it so they each have their own particle texture, because that is determined by the order of the multipart in the blockstate, only the first entry is used for particles (the texture, the model and the rest are fine and act as expected, the problem is only with the particles - when you break the block or particles from sprinting on the block)
I don’t know how to edit the original post, please add the resource packs there if needed
Thank you, katerina!
Since there is a way to make particles work with variants tag instead of multipart tag the issue can be closed