Horrible workarounds to at least get past the 40-41% loading screen issues.
As previously mentioned "Disable Device" the "Realtek Audio" in device manager.
Disable "Hardware Acceleration" for the sound card speakers (but comes with "popping audio" music / sounds).
Same issue this side. Starter right after updating to Minecraft 1.20.30.
Dell Laptop (32 GB of RAM, 512 SSD, Nvidia GTX 1050 Ti) with Realtek Audio, Windows 10.
Even freshly reinstalled Windows 10 (with all updates installed), minimal software installed (only Minecraft, Steam + Drivers).
Crashes itself and the Audio driver after running Minecraft 'for Windows' during the loading screen at about 40-41%. The block circle just doesn't move after 41%.
Have to close and "end task" the game via Task Manager and restart PC or run Audio Troubleshooter to fix the issue before being able to use the sound card again for any program. All games/apps run using sound before trying to run Minecraft. Issue also occurs with Java edition.
Disabling the "Realtek Audio" device in Device Manager allows one to get past the stuck loading screen.
Event log has a little bit of info about Minecraft crash and rekated audio crash as well as the "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportArchive\" folder having the "Report.wer" files.
e.g. crash folders each containing a "Report.web" file
"AppHang_Microsoft.Minecr_0795e7ea398c9a912e62ca5e1f84de3255633ca_8d0696cb_16a57d87-f20d-401b-8ee0-597989e21e0a"
and
"AppHang_svchost.exe_Audi_61ddb562ce9f73d22ee1288caf5211d5df77f_89a0d100_06c06195-1737-4daf-a01b-047b5b2f1c3a"
Solved by using another driver other than the 'Realtek Audio driver'.
Opened "Device Manager".
Right clicked device "Realtek Audio Device or Realtek HD Audio Device" (or whatever its called) under "Sound, video and game controllers" and then clicked "Uninstall Device". Wait for it to uninstall the driver and the device disappears.
Click "Action" menu item, then "Scan for hardware changes" (or click top right icon to 'Scan for hardware changes').
Then for me "Intel High Definition Audio" pops up under "Other Devices".
Right clicked the above mentioned and click "Update Driver".
Clicked "Browse my computer for drivers", then clicked "Let me pick from a list of available drivers on my computer".
Scrolled down to the bottom clicked "Sound, video and game controllers" and clicked "Next"
Once its finished retrieving the list of available drivers. Scrolled down and clicked "Microsoft" on the left scroll area.
Then selected "High Definition Audio Device Version: 10.0.19041.264 [2020/05/09]" on the right hand scroll area and waited for the driver to install.
Clicked "Yes" for the popup that "Installing this device driver is not recommended because Windows cannot verify that it is compatible with your hardware.........".
Then clicked "Close" after it successfully added "High Definition Audio Device".
Strangely enough the sound actually sounded louder and more clear on the laptop.