How to reproduce
Place water on top of block
Place block on the flowing water block directly next to the source block
Break the block
Now it doesn't flow back like it should. You can do this on 3 sides, when you do it on the 4th side it updates the source and everything flows as intended. After the update you can't do it again unless you place a new water source.
Might be caused by the fix to MC-128690.