The bug
I opened up a new world and there were these weird blocky lighting errors all over my world. When I reopened the world today, the lighting errors were gone.
Note
From @unknown:
The issue isn't "linked" to a certain seed and coordinates. The shadows can randomly appear in any world.
Other things to mention:
Hostile mobs can spawn in the shadow and undead mobs do not catch fire.
Both client light and server light are affected.
The shadow affects multiple, adjacent and complete chucks (the shadow ends at a chunk border).
The shadow disappears after reloading the world.
Related issues
is duplicated by
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The issue isn't "linked" to a certain seed and coordinates. The shadows can randomly appear in any world.
Other things to mention:
Hostile mobs can spawn in the shadow and undead mobs do not catch fire.
Both client light and server light are affected.
The shadow affects multiple, adjacent and complete chucks (the shadow ends at a chunk border).
The shadow disappears after reloading the world.
Edit: It would be handy if we could add a small description to attachments 😉

Affects 18w49a
I found another shadow so I did some more testing with it:
The shadow remains when you switch the time between night and day.
The shadow remains when you reload the chunks (F3+A or F3+Q).
The shadow still disappears after reloading the world, so this is the only way to get rid of it.

i found this on plains flatworld

This happened to me in 19w08a

This issue is older than the duplicated one but okay