The bug
Mobs cannot pathfind properly and thus move very quickly on blocks without a solid top face, especially if there is air or another block without a solid top face below.
This is known to affect the following blocks (list may be incomplete):
Bottom slabs
Farmland
Dirt paths
(Empty) end portal frames
Enchanting tables
Carpets above string
Chests
Campfires
It seems to be affecting all mobs, though it seems like the issue is best reproduced with skeletons due to their strafing.
How to reproduce
Create a "Redstone Ready" flatland world
Run (optional, but makes the issue easier to see)
/fill ~ ~-2 ~ ~20 ~-12 ~20 air
Run
/fill ~ ~-1 ~ ~20 ~-1 ~20 oak_slab
(Or any other affected block)
Give yourself some skeleton spawn eggs
Switch into survival mode
Spawn a skeleton on top of the slabs
→ ❌ The skeleton moves really quickly
Example
Here is an example in video: https://youtu.be/rNsKKNCFxMM
Related issues
is duplicated by
relates to
Attachments
Comments

Can confirm. A similar effect occurs with waterlogged top slabs, see MC-156022.

Confirmed on 19w38b

Affects 20w12a

Bedrock edition also has this bug MCPE-47075

Villagers are spinning on the spot on waterlogged top half slabs in 1.15.2

I have noticed some pathfinding changes in regards to carpet on top of string/torches/carpet. Usually it totally inhibits mobpathfinding but as of 1.16.2 mobs are able to walk around on this setup, despite their pathfinding still being confused leading them to spin around from time to time, they are still capable of escaping from this setup.

Yes, it appears the new pathfinding attributes addedin 1.16.2 to mobs and villagers now allows them to pathfind over double carpet stacks or other air block methods. Not sure if the pathfinding work was intended to 'fix' this mechanic or not, but now mobs on double carpets can pathfind away, and can behave strangely when on top of carpets with air blocks below them. (spinning in circles). I kind of wish they kept it the old way, as this was a very simple and compact method for both mob proofing and handling villagers (trading halls, etc).

They move normally for me.

Can confirm in 1.17. Mobs sometimes just don't move on top of double carpets, and stay completely still on unlit campfires.

Can confirm in 1.17.1 Pre-release 1.

Can confirm in 1.17.1.

version: 1.21 ...
mob still freeze when in slabs with a space of 2 blocks between 2 half blocks, slab on bottom and top

Can confirm for 1.21.3

Confirmed in 24w46a.