When sufficiently far from the origin of the world, translucent blocks viewed through other translucent blocks will begin experiencing graphical bugs. I originally discovered this using mods that extend the world boundary out to two billion blocks, and was just barely able to reproduce the effect within vanilla bounds. This likely affects 1.15.2 and even earlier.
To reproduce, teleport out 20 million blocks or so, then place a layer of water, and on top of it a sheet of ice. Using spectator mode, move the camera as close to the top of the ice as possible without ending up inside it, and move around. It should be possible to after a while notice some of the water not rendering until crossing a certain distance from it, after which it flashes back into existence. However this is still hard to notice.
An easier way to reproduce is to create a layer of one type of stained glass, and another layer of a different colour on top. Walking past this should reveal some glass temporarily disappearing.
This bug first appeared in 13w41a and has existed ever since, and did not exist before this version.
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Can also be reproduced with stained glass, which is probably even easier.

Added another pic from 21w16a.

Can confirm in 1.17.1.

This appears to have been fixed in 24w36a. Can anyone confirm this, and confirm it existed in 24w35a?

Cannot reproduce in 24w36a, can reproduce in 24w35a. We can declare this fixed.