Very important note - please read
MC-123350 and MC-197137 may be the cause of this bug in the first place, so I'd recommend trying to fix these first to see if that resolves the issue.
The bug
When a rail, redstone dust or other such block is broken by hand, this sends out vibrations that a sculk sensor can detect and transform into an output. However, if one of these blocks is broken specifically due to the block supporting them being broken, no vibration will be sent out. It's worth noting that other blocks which can be broken due to the removal of a supporting block, such as torches, do in fact send out vibrations when broken this way.
Any resulting vibrations from the breaking of these are caused either by the breaking of the supporting block itself (as such I'd recommend setting up the test at such a distance from the sensor that the supporting block is out of range, but the block being supported is), or the item landing on a surface.
Affected blocks:
minecraft:rail
minecraft:powered_rail
minecraft:detector_rail
minecraft:activator_rail
minecraft:redstone_wire
minecraft:redstone_repeater
minecraft:redstone_comparator
Linked issues
relates to 2
Attachments
Comments

Is this still an issue in snapshot 21w05a or later?
Yes, this is still an issue in 21w05a.
Can confirm in 21w06a.
Can confirm in 21w14a.
Can confirm in 21w17a.
Can confirm in 1.17.

Can confirm in 1.17.1.
Can confirm in 1.18.2 and 22w14a.
Can confirm in 1.19.
Can confirm.