It is intended for mobs to not retaliate after goat attacks, but whenever a goat attacks an entity, the game will threat this as "one-hit kill", even though the target is still alive. This is similar to MC-2432, but the target is still alive. This is causing weird stuff like piglin, piglin brute and hoglin goat attack thing (see MC-227625).
No it doesn't. Wolves, bees & zombified piglins never attack a goat no matter what. This is just a reworded MC-227625