Make sure particles are enabled in the video settings.
Run the command: /effect give @s minecraft:saturation infinite 0 true
You'll see that you'll emit light blue particles. It doesn't matter the duration or the effect applied, or the type of entity that it's run on.
Linked issues
is duplicated by 5
MC-268836
/effect command can't hide particles anymore
Resolved
MC-268869
effect give with hideParticles set to true still gives off particles
Resolved
MC-268952
Potion particle remains visible even if "show_particles" is set to false.
Resolved
MC-268974
When the HideParticles is set as true in /effect command, the particle is still displayed
Resolved
MC-269099
Hiding particles with /effect no longer works properly
Resolved
Can confirm.