The fix of MC-267943 reverted a parity change with Bedrock. On Bedrock Edition, axes can receive sharpness/smite/bane of arthropods via enchantment table, making them more accessible to use as weapons in the mid-game.
The part regarding thorns being enchantment table compatible with helmets/leggings/boots was a genuine bug because it is not the case on Bedrock either. But the part regarding sharpness/smite/bane of arthropods being available on axes via enchantment table was a positive parity change.
Also, regarding the statement in the original bug report that having sharpness/smite/bane available supposedly makes it too hard to get efficiency/fortune/silk touch, this is just straight up false, even on Bedrock where this feature already exists.
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It's about a parity diversion with Bedrock. If there is an open Bedrock but report about the same thing (games not being in parity over this issue) then it would be good to know
There isn't a bug report for it on Bedrock because it's better how it is over there, no need to report it as a bug, it's Java that needs the change.
I would open this up on the MCPE project actually as it has to do with disparity in Bedrock edition now MC-267943 was fixed. That way it can be tracked there which seems more appropriate
Do you have a link for the Bedrock report here?