Mobs cannot perform melee piercing attacks using items with the piercing_weapon component. It would be expected that a melee mob with such a weapon would perform a piercing attack along a ray from their eyes to the edge of their attack range.
See attached video for a demonstration.
The following commands (or their practical equivalents) were used for the setup:
/summon minecraft:zombie ~ ~ ~ {equipment:{head:{id:"chainmail_helmet",components:{"minecraft:unbreakable":{}}}}}/summon minecraft:witch ~ ~ ~/summon minecraft:witch ~ ~ ~ {NoAI:1b,CustomName:"NoAI:1b"}/give @s minecraft:blaze_rod[minecraft:piercing_weapon={sound:"entity.blaze.hurt",hit_sound:"entity.lightning_bolt.impact"}]/item replace entity @n[type=zombie] weapon.mainhand from entity @s weapon.mainhand/execute as @n[type=zombie] at @s run damage @s 0 minecraft:mob_attack by @n[type=witch,nbt=!{NoAI:1b}]
This bug also explains why the spear‘s Jab attack when used by mobs cannot pierce and damage multiple targets.