The bug
Whenever you throw a projectile (such as an egg or a snowball), the particles is creates when smashed don't always appear. The egg just kind of disappears into the ground. This is likely due to the fact that the particles themselves appear underneath the ground. The egg also often turns black when this happens.
Linked issues
is duplicated by
testing discovered
Comments

Is this still a concern in the latest Minecraft version 13w48b? If so, please update the affected versions in order to best aid Mojang ensuring bugs are still valid in the latest releases/pre-releases.
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Am able to reproduce this in 1.13-pre1. It appears that when particles are not created, the egg becomes black and unlit as if stuck in the block it was thrown at.

Affects 1.13-pre2

Affects 1.13-pre3

Affects 1.13-pre4
Confirmed for 1.13.1.

Seems to be occuring considerably less in 18w43c

Frequency definitely seems to be far lower.

Getting even harder to reproduce this.
I am still able to reproduce this in 20w51a.
i believe this is intentional
Can confirm in 21w05b.
Can confirm in 21w06a.
Can confirm in 21w07a.
Can confirm in 21w17a.
Can confirm in 1.17.
Can confirm in 1.17.1.
Can confirm in 1.19 and 22w24a.
Can confirm this in 1.19.2. It's important to note that the particles are indeed produced, but are produced inside blocks, thus making them not easily visible to the player. This also affects similar projectiles such as snowballs and isn't exclusive to eggs.

Can confirm in 1.20.2
I cannot reproduce.
Are particles turned on in the video settings menu?