Like you can read at minecraft wiki, the Record-Tag says which record is played, and the RecordItem-Tag which item the jukebox contains.
But if you use this command:
/setblock ~ ~ ~ jukebox 0 replace {RecordItem:{id:record_wait,Count:1b},Record:2267}
It wont play the record "wait"
Also when you break it, the record pops out, but when you put another record in it, the original record won't pop out
Actually it seems that the "Record" tag is really bugged, because when you do blockdata on a jukebox playing a record, it won't show the "Record" tag...
Linked issues
Comments 9
Relates to MC-50134.
Confirmed to 1.8.3
Better title would be: "Jukebox change with commands will ignore the added record"
this actually sounds like a feature request to me, you can still use the playsound command to achieve what you want
See Searge's comment on MC-66115.
Does the jukebox get placed?