@Filip Please have a look at the first comment and follow the instructions. You're supposed to upload the crash log file, which is a text file within your Minecraft installation folder.
Just drag and drop the file to this ticket. There is a field under attachments.
[media]POSSIBLE FIX
Disclaimer ahead: I'm a computer science student. I have knowledge and experience in testing software. I was trying to fix the issue for multiple hours over the course of two days. I can pretty much exclude graphics card driver problems and Java Runtime Engine problems. As far as I can see it doesn't even really matter what Java version you have installed by yourself since the Minecraft launcher downloading a version of it on its own.
I had all the usual problems stated here:
Installing the Launcher to different directories (recommended and custom on two different drives)
Installing a version of the game to different directories (recommended and custom on two different drives)
Updating NVIDIA Graphis Driver for GTX 1060
Updating Intel Graphics Driver for Intel HD Graphics 530
Deleting everything (also .minecraft in %appdata%)
What surprisingly fixed the issue for me afterwards was launching the MinecraftLauncher.exe in administrator mode. I just got curious and I knew that in rare occasions this is a common fix for software problems. I launched it multiple times after finding this out in both administrator mode and non-administrator mode and every time I didn't the game crashed on launch.
I hope this is a valuable addition to this problem and not a duplicate. Nevertheless, please add this workaround to the above ticket so people can see it more easily.
EDIT:
Nevertheless, I would recommend everyone to update all drivers and reinstall the game completely including wiping the .minecraft folder. The problem may have something to do with it anyways.
Please have a look at the suggested fixes at MCL-6022 and report back if any of these fixes work.