Playing on realms, had the same issue. Xbox one playing on bedrock 1.9.0. Threw an elder pearl through the ended portal to get to the outer islands and it just spawned me in black nothingness. The game kept making the sound as if I were going through the portal.
Workaround confirmed on Xbox One (Bedrock 1.9.0). Respawned the ender dragon and killed him again. This created a new end portal. Successfully went through the new end portal and came back without glitching.