I found a temporary fix! It seems that the Windows 10 DPI (text/image size) setting on my computer was innately changed to the recommended 100% (no scaling) when connected to my external display. By changing this value to 125% on Windows 10 Settings, which is the value I have set for my internal display, the issue was resolved. Please let the development team know about this connection – plus, I know this native Windows setting should be available to accommodate for directly with OpenGL and the Java SDK (JDK) by now, as it was added almost 2 years ago to the Windows 10 preview builds, and the availability of the setting has persisted in Windows 10 since the official release.
This issue is still present in the latest snapshot, 18w01a. I can send another screenshot if needed. One thing changed – the mouse is no longer restricted to the area covered by the Minecraft program in its fullscreen mode, but it still covers only about 80% of the screen in width and length (so, linear scale). I also changed the kind of cord I use to connect to an HDMI cable, no change. I use a Full HD 1920x1080 monitor, in fact I have the same issue with my TV (also FHD).
Either the last arrow you pick up or the first (I can't remember) uses its metadata for the whole stack.
With the addition of the fullscreen resolution slider, this issue seems to be fully resolved. I further deciphered this issue for the affected versions already listed, and found that the issue occurred with common "Full HD" screen resolutions beginning with 1920x1080. The slider has alleviated this issue completely.